Cairngorms Nation­al Park Author­ity Ugh­dar­ras Pàirc Nàiseanta a’ Mhon­aidh Ruaidh Item 11 Plan­ning Com­mit­tee 29 August 2025 Page 1 of 14

Wind­farm com­mit­tee report

Devel­op­ment proposed:

Clune Wind Farm – applic­a­tion under Sec­tion 36 of the Elec­tri­city Act 1989 for the con­struc­tion and oper­a­tion of a wind­farm and energy stor­age facil­ity with­in the Plan­ning Author­ity of the High­lands Coun­cil, of 26 tur­bines with a tip height up to 200m. Anti­cip­ated gen­er­at­ing capa­city is 187.2MW.

Con­sulta­tion from:

Scot­tish Gov­ern­ment Energy Con­sents Unit

Ref­er­ence:

2025/0047/PAC (ECU ref. ECU00005038)

Applic­ant:

Renew­able Energy Sys­tems Ltd. (RES)

Date con­sul­ted:

4 March 2025

Recom­mend­a­tion:

Object

Case officer:

Emma Bryce, Plan­ning Man­ager (Devel­op­ment Management)

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Cairngorms Nation­al Park Author­ity Item 11 Plan­ning Com­mit­tee 29 August 2025 Ugh­dar­ras Pàirc Nàiseanta a’ Mhon­aidh Ruaidh Page 3 of 14

Pur­pose of report

1. The pur­pose of this report is to inform the com­mit­tee decision and sub­sequent con­sulta­tion response to the Scot­tish Gov­ern­ment Energy Con­sents Unit (ECU) on an applic­a­tion sub­mit­ted under Sec­tion 36 of the Elec­tri­city Act 1989 for a pro­posed wind­farm loc­ated to the north­w­est of the Cairngorms Nation­al Park. The Scot­tish Gov­ern­ment are the determ­in­ing author­ity for this applic­a­tion as the out­put is more than 50MW. The applic­a­tion is accom­pan­ied by an Envir­on­ment­al Report (EIAR), which presents the find­ings of the applicant’s Envir­on­ment­al Impact Assess­ment (EIA).

2. The plan­ning issues to be con­sidered are con­fined to the effects of the pro­posed wind­farm on the land­scape char­ac­ter and Spe­cial Land­scape Qual­it­ies (SLQs) of the Nation­al Park. All oth­er mat­ters, such as eco­logy, noise, gen­er­al amen­ity, etc, are assessed by the decision maker (Scot­tish Min­is­ters) with advice from stat­utory consultees.

3. Under the cur­rent work­ing agree­ment on roles in land­scape case­work between NatureScot and the Cairngorms Nation­al Park Author­ity, NatureScot lead on the pro­vi­sion of advice on the effects on the SLQs caused by pro­pos­als out­with the Cairngorms Nation­al Park. Their advice has been used to inform this report.

Site descrip­tion and pro­posed development

1. The wind­farm will be loc­ated with­in the Mon­adh­liath on an elev­ated, open moor­land which provides a back­drop from key slopes and sum­mits from with­in the Cairngorms Nation­al Park. The site cov­ers an area of approx­im­ately 3,300 hec­tares and com­prises mainly grouse moor­land with agri­cul­tur­al fields and mixed wood­land at lower level. Clune Burn and Allt Lathach run through the site with oth­er small trib­u­tar­ies run­ning into the River Find­horn which lies to the north-west out­side the site bound­ary. The site lies imme­di­ately adja­cent to the Nation­al Park with the red­line bound­ary adjoin­ing the Park bound­ary to the north­east, approx­im­ately 5.5km south of Tomat­in and 13km north west of Aviemore. The north­east­ern edge of the site is bounded by the A9. The nearest tur­bine would be approx­im­ately 0.9km from the Park bound­ary, with the oth­er tur­bines, tracks and asso­ci­ated infra­struc­ture loc­ated fur­ther away from the boundary.

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1. The pro­posed devel­op­ment would com­prise 26 tur­bines with a max­im­um height of 200m to the tip of the blade in an upright pos­i­tion and a rotor dia­met­er of 162m. The asso­ci­ated infra­struc­ture includes a site access, access tracks, crane hard­stand­ings, under­ground cabling, on-site sub­sta­tion and main­ten­ance build­ing, energy stor­age facil­ity, extern­al trans­formers, tem­por­ary con­struc­tion com­pounds, lay­down area, batch­ing plant and poten­tial excav­a­tions / bor­row work­ings. It is expec­ted that the pro­posed wind­farm would have an estim­ated total installed capa­city of 187.2MW.

2. The­or­et­ic­al vis­ib­il­ity of the pro­posed wind­farm from with­in the Nation­al Park is shown by the applicant’s EIAR fig­ure 5.6a (Appendix 1). When con­sid­er­ing cumu­lat­ive visu­al effects, the applicant’s Fig­ure 5.12 Cumu­lat­ive – ZTV (Appendix 2) demon­strates the vis­ib­il­ity of the pro­posed wind­farm and the oper­a­tion­al wind­farms loc­ated to the north west of the Park bound­ary (Farr and Glen Kyl­lachy wind­farms). The yel­low areas show the increase in vis­ib­il­ity of wind tur­bines with the intro­duc­tion of the Clune Wind Farm and the green areas cumu­lat­ively with these exist­ing windfarms.

3. Visu­al­isa­tions from 15 view­points were provided in the applicant’s EIAR to demon­strate the pre­dicted level of vis­ib­il­ity that would be had from with­in / on the bound­ary of the Nation­al Park – refer to Appendix 1 (Fig­ure 5.6a Blade Tip ZTV with View­points) for the locations:

   • VP3: Core path LBA114
   • VP5: A9 (Slo­chd)
   • VP8: Carn Sleamhuinn
   • VP10: Track near Gheal Charn Mor
   • VP12: A9 (near Carrbridge)
   • VP14: Car­rbridge
   • VP16: Carn na h‑Fhreiceadain summit
   • VP17a: Meall a’ Bhuachaille
   • VP17b Craiggowrie
   • VP18: Ach­na­han­net
   • VP20: Braes of Bal­n­agow­an, Nethy Bridge
   • VP21: A95 (near Dul­nain Bridge)
   • VP22: Cairngorm Moun­tain Rail­way Café

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• VP23: Braeriach summit
• VP24: Cre­agan a Chaise

1. Com­mit­tee mem­bers should famil­i­ar­ise them­selves with the above visu­al­isa­tions online before the meet­ing. The visu­al­isa­tions asso­ci­ated with each view point are avail­able to the pub­lic by search­ing the applic­a­tion doc­u­ments on the Energy Con­sents Unit web­site for the rel­ev­ant fig­ures with­in the EIAR — Volume 2b, Fig­ures 5.1^e to Fig­ure 5.40h.

Rel­ev­ant plan­ning history

1. Feb­ru­ary 2024 – the Park Author­ity respon­ded to a scop­ing con­sulta­tion from ECU for the cur­rent application.

Plan­ning policy context

1. The pro­posed devel­op­ment is loc­ated wholly out­with the Nation­al Park and there­fore the Cairngorms Nation­al Park Loc­al Devel­op­ment Plan policies do not apply. How­ever, an assess­ment of the pro­pos­al must be made in accord­ance with Nation­al Plan­ning Frame­work 4 (NPF4) and have regard to the Nation­al Park Part­ner­ship Plan (NPPP).

Nation­al policy

1. Nation­al Plan­ning Frame­work 4 (NPF4) sets out nation­al plan­ning policies that reflect Scot­tish Min­is­ters’ pri­or­it­ies for the devel­op­ment and use of land, as well as for oper­a­tion of the plan­ning sys­tem. It also iden­ti­fies a series of ​‘nation­al devel­op­ments’. The con­tent of NPF4 forms the nation­al ele­ment of the stat­utory devel­op­ment plan, which also includes the rel­ev­ant Loc­al Devel­op­ment Plan. Decisions on plan­ning applic­a­tions (and Sec­tion 36 applic­a­tions) are to be made in accord­ance with the devel­op­ment plan, and as such NPF4.

2. Policy spe­cific­ally relat­ing to Nation­al Parks and devel­op­ment man­age­ment can be found in NPF4 Policy 4: Nat­ur­al Places and Policy 11: Energy. In gen­er­al terms Policy 4 a) cites that devel­op­ment pro­pos­als which by vir­tue of type, loc­a­tion or scale will have an unac­cept­able impact on the nat­ur­al envir­on­ment, will not be supported.

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1. NPF4 Policy 4 c) spe­cific­ally applies to a Nation­al Park and states that ​“devel­op­ment pro­pos­als that will affect a Nation­al Park… will only be sup­por­ted where: i. The object­ives of des­ig­na­tion and the over­all integ­rity of the area will not be com­prom­ised; or ii. Any sig­ni­fic­ant adverse effects on the qual­it­ies for which the area has been des­ig­nated are clearly out­weighed by social, envir­on­ment­al or eco­nom­ic bene­fits of nation­al importance.”

2. NPF4 Policy 4 c) cla­ri­fies that the policy test applies where devel­op­ment pro­pos­als may affect a nation­ally des­ig­nated land­scape and so can be applied to devel­op­ment pro­pos­als out­with the Nation­al Park bound­ary but poten­tially affect­ing it. Of rel­ev­ance to the gen­er­a­tion of wind energy devel­op­ment nation­ally and there­fore to the pro­posed development:

3. NPF4 Nation­al Devel­op­ment 3 ​‘Stra­tegic Renew­able Elec­tri­city Gen­er­a­tion and Trans­mis­sion Infra­struc­ture’ con­firms that this class of nation­al devel­op­ment sup­ports renew­able elec­tri­city gen­er­a­tion, repower­ing and expan­sion of the elec­tri­city grid. It incor­por­ates three types of devel­op­ment, includ­ing on and off­shore elec­tri­city gen­er­a­tion, includ­ing elec­tri­city stor­age, from renew­ables exceed­ing 50 mega­watts capa­city. The Clune Wind Farm pro­pos­al falls with­in the scope of Nation­al Devel­op­ment 3.

4. NPF4 Policy 11: Energy fur­ther cla­ri­fies that ​“b) Devel­op­ment pro­pos­als for wind farms in Nation­al Parks…will not be sup­por­ted; and d) Devel­op­ment pro­pos­als that impact on inter­na­tion­al or nation­al des­ig­na­tions will be assessed in rela­tion to Policy 4”.

Stra­tegic policy

1. The Cairngorms Nation­al Park Part­ner­ship Plan (NPPP) 2022 – 2027 is required under sec­tion 11 of the Nation­al Parks (Scot­land) Act 2000. It is the man­age­ment plan for the Cairngorms Nation­al Park approved by Scot­tish Min­is­ters. The NPPP sets out how all those with a respons­ib­il­ity for the Nation­al Park will coordin­ate their work to tackle the most import­ant issues. There is a duty for decision makers

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to have regard to the NPPP, a require­ment set out in Sec­tion 14 of the Act. As such, the NPPP is a mater­i­al con­sid­er­a­tion in plan­ning decisions.

1. The NPPP iden­ti­fies that the land­scapes of the Nation­al Park are val­ued by many and under­pin the area’s eco­nomy. It con­tains policies to safe­guard land­scape interests. Of rel­ev­ance to wind­farm devel­op­ment pro­pos­als are policies A4 and C2 α).

2. Policy A4 seeks to con­serve and enhance the SLQs of the Nation­al Park. Policy C2 a) seeks to sup­port devel­op­ment of a low car­bon eco­nomy and increase renew­able energy gen­er­a­tion where this is com­pat­ible with con­serving the SLQs. In rela­tion to wind­farm devel­op­ment, the policy states that ​“large scale wind tur­bines are not com­pat­ible with the land­scape char­ac­ter or spe­cial land­scape qual­it­ies of the Nation­al Park. They are inap­pro­pri­ate with­in the Nation­al Park or in areas out­side the Nation­al Park where they adversely affect its land­scape char­ac­ter or spe­cial land­scape qualities”.

Con­sulta­tions

NatureScot advice

1. In accord­ance with the NatureScot / Cairngorms Nation­al Park Author­ity case­work agree­ment, NatureScot have provided the Park Author­ity with advice in rela­tion to the effects on the Nation­al Park, of the pro­posed wind­farm both alone and cumu­lat­ively with oth­er exist­ing and con­sen­ted wind­farms in the sur­round­ing area – see Appendix 3. This advice focusses on the effects of the pro­posed wind­farm on the SLQs of the Cairngorms Nation­al Park.

2. The wind­farm would be sited in the Mon­adh­liath just out­side the north­west­ern bound­ary of the Cairngorms Nation­al Park, west of the A9 and south of Strath­dearn. The Mon­adh­liath are a long range of rolling moor­land hills and plat­eaux with no dis­tinct sum­mits or pat­terns, extend­ing to between 550 and 850 AOD. These hills provide a back­drop from key slopes and sum­mits from the Nation­al Park. The open nature of this land­scape affords a high level of inter­vis­ib­il­ity across the hills. In terms of the baseline con­di­tions, there are sev­er­al oper­a­tion­al and con­sen­ted wind­farms with­in the area. These are mostly in five

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clusters, the major­ity of which are loc­ated in visu­ally dis­creet, lower lying basins. Dun­ma­glass Wind Farm is the excep­tion, loc­ated on a more elev­ated loc­a­tion. Glen Kyl­lachy and Farr are the closest oper­a­tion­al wind­farms, how­ever when viewed from the Nation­al Park, along with Dun­ma­glass, these have lim­ited influ­ence, appear­ing rel­at­ively dis­tant and com­pact fea­tures with­in the wider land­scape. Tom nan Clach is the closest oper­a­tion­al wind­farm to the Park bound­ary, how­ever giv­en its lower height (125m to blade tip) and par­tial screen­ing from land­form, it also appears a com­pact fea­ture with­in its wider context.

1. From high­er elev­a­tions with­in the Park, oper­a­tion­al and con­sen­ted wind­farms have rel­at­ively lim­ited influ­ence, both indi­vidu­ally and cumu­lat­ively on the SLQs of the Park giv­en their dis­tance, heights (all are below 150m to blade tip), lack of tur­bine light­ing and inter­spersed pat­tern of devel­op­ment. From lower levels no oper­a­tion­al wind­farms are visible.

2. NatureScot advise that the loc­a­tion and height of the pro­posed devel­op­ment rep­res­ents a sub­stan­tial shift in prom­in­ence and prox­im­ity of wind­farms which have an impact on the SLQs of the Cairngorms Nation­al Park. The SLQs affected, in order of rel­ev­ance are as follows:

   • SLQ6 — Land­scapes both cul­tur­al and natural
   • SLQ10 – The sur­round­ing hills
   • SLQ30 – Grand pan­or­a­mas and framed views
   • SLQ32 — Dark skies
   • SLQ28 – Wildness

3. SLQ6 — Land­scapes both cul­tur­al and nat­ur­al and SLQ10 – The sur­round­ing hills, are con­sidered togeth­er giv­en their sim­il­ar under­ly­ing char­ac­ter­ist­ics relat­ing to upland moor­land hill and their per­ceived wild­ness. SLQ6 states ​‘At lower levels and alti­tudes the land has been long inhab­ited, with pat­terns of land use, set­tle­ment and trans­port derived from the primary indus­tries of farm­ing, forestry and field sports. In con­trast, the highest ground com­prises unin­hab­ited wild land and moor and moun­tain”. SLQ10 states ​‘The ​‘less­er hills’ with­in the Park have their own ridges, sum­mits and plat­eaux and would be impress­ive in any oth­er loc­a­tion… They con­trib­ute sig­ni­fic­antly to the wild, untamed appear­ance of the area’. Fol­low­ing assess­ment of the devel­op­ment on these SLQs, NatureScot con­clude the proposed

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devel­op­ment would rep­res­ent a sub­stan­tial change in its scale and prox­im­ity to the Park, intro­du­cing vis­ib­il­ity of wind energy devel­op­ment to lower lying areas of the Park where there are cur­rently no wind­farms vis­ible. From elev­ated and lower lying areas of Strath­spey, tur­bines would appear across an area of unin­hab­ited upland moor­land and would dilute the con­trast in land­scape char­ac­ter, erod­ing the cur­rent dis­tinc­tion between cul­tur­al (settled strath) and nat­ur­al (moor­land hills) land­scapes. The pro­pos­als would dimin­ish the sense that sur­round­ing hills are ​‘under the domin­ion of nature’ and reduce the con­tri­bu­tion of this part of the Mon­adh­liath to the ​‘wild, untamed appear­ance of the area.’ The adverse effects on these SLQs are con­sidered to be significant.

1. SLQ30-– Grand pan­or­a­mas and framed views relates to a range of views ​‘from broad pas­tor­al straths of green, over rolling hills of brown heath­er moor, with wood­land at lower levels: and far, dis­tant exposed moun­tain ter­rain… The assemblage of land­scape fea­tures is aes­thet­ic­ally pleas­ing with views often framed by veget­a­tion and land­form, and the eye led to an invit­ing arrange­ment of hill slopes and glens’. NatureScot con­clude there would be sig­ni­fic­ant adverse effects on this SLQ as appre­ci­ated from a num­ber of loc­a­tions, routes and sum­mits with­in the Cairngorm mas­sif, includ­ing the Lairig Ghru, due to the ver­tic­al scale and prox­im­ity of the pro­posed turbines.

2. SLQ 32 – Dark Skies notes ​‘At night, even the com­plete absence of col­our, a pitch- black sky bespeckled only with the light of stars, is a dis­tinct­ive fea­ture as dark skies become increas­ingly rare in Bri­tain’. The pro­posed tur­bine light­ing would add a new lay­er of obvi­ous bright red lights to uplands, incon­gru­ous with the cur­rent devel­op­ment pat­tern of light­ing con­tained to the straths and would erode the under­pin­ning char­ac­ter­ist­ics of this SLQ. It is con­cluded there would be sig­ni­fic­ant adverse effects on this SLQ across both upland and lower lying areas of the Nation­al Park.

3. SLQ 28 – Wild­ness notes that ​‘Oth­er areas of the Park are less remote, but the pre­pon­der­ance of near nat­ur­al veget­a­tion, togeth­er with dis­tinct­ive wild­life and the gen­er­al lack of devel­op­ment, can still give a per­cep­tion of the dom­in­ance of nature. This includes the man­aged grouse moors, and the ancient, man­aged woods and plant­a­tions’. The Clune Wind Farm pro­pos­al would form a large and prominent

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change, in both ver­tic­al and hori­zont­al extent, dimin­ish­ing the per­ceived extens­ive­ness of the vast rolling moor­land hills and erod­ing the cur­rent dom­in­ance of nature, by cre­at­ing an obvi­ous man-made focal point in views along the edge of the Park. The intro­duc­tion of tur­bine lights would reduce the cur­rent sense of tran­quil­lity and wild­ness from these parts of the Park to a degree that is con­sidered sig­ni­fic­ant. There would there­fore be sig­ni­fic­ant day­time and night-time effects on the Wild­ness SLQ from the Mon­adh­liath and Strath­dearn Hills.

1. Con­sid­er­a­tion has been giv­en to the cumu­lat­ive effect the pro­pos­al has with the cur­rent applic­a­tion for the adja­cent Bal­nespick Wind Farm (on the agenda for this plan­ning com­mit­tee as item 10). There is also a cur­rent applic­a­tion for the High­land Wind Farm (on the agenda for this plan­ning com­mit­tee as item 12), although this has not been con­sidered in cumu­lat­ive effects as NatureScot had not com­pleted their apprais­al of this wind­farm on its own at the time of this apprais­al. Bal­nespick Wind Farm would com­prise 9 tur­bines (200m to blade tip) on the Strath­dearn Hills and 0.6km from the Park bound­ary. Clune Wind Farm would be loc­ated 9.5km south west of Bal­nespick Wind Farm. The intro­duc­tion of these wind­farms would intensi­fy the pres­ence and influ­ence of wind­farm devel­op­ment from Strath­spey sur­round­ing elev­ated areas. From key sum­mits the two pro­pos­als would redefine the north­ern and west­ern Park bound­ar­ies and affect a great­er por­tion of pan­or­amic views and framed views towards the Mon­adh­liath and Strath­dearn Hills. The worst-case scen­ario of avi­ation light­ing would include vis­ib­il­ity of lights from the key sum­mits of the Cairngorms mas­sif and Meall a’ Bhua­chaille and the Strath­dearn Hills. Clune Wind farm would reduce the per­ceived extens­ive­ness and nat­ur­al­ness of the Strath­dearn Hills in south­west­ern views, while Bale­nespick would affect this exper­i­ence in jour­neys north­east. From lower views, Clune would intro­duce a ver­tic­al man-made focal point to the west­ern ridgeline and when seen with Bal­nespick on the north­ern sky­line, would intensi­fy the erosion of con­trast between settled strath and unin­hab­ited upland of the sur­round­ing hills. The addi­tion of Clune Wind Farm would intensi­fy sig­ni­fic­ant adverse effects found on SLQs 6, 10, 30 and 32 as a res­ult of the Bal­nespick Wind Farm.

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Apprais­al

1. The policies of NPF4 and the NPPP set out how pro­pos­als out­with the bound­ary of the Nation­al Park should be con­sidered in terms of effects on the Nation­al Park.

2. NPF4 Policy 11: Energy fur­ther cla­ri­fies that ​“b) Devel­op­ment pro­pos­als for wind farms in Nation­al Parks… will not be sup­por­ted; and d) Devel­op­ment pro­pos­als that impact on inter­na­tion­al or nation­al des­ig­na­tions will be assessed in rela­tion to Policy 4”.

3. Policy 4 a) cites that devel­op­ment pro­pos­als which by vir­tue of type, loc­a­tion or scale will have an unac­cept­able impact on the nat­ur­al envir­on­ment, will not be supported.

4. Policy C2 a) of the NPPP sets out a test for con­sid­er­ing effects on the land­scapes of the Nation­al Park, in that large scale wind tur­bines are inap­pro­pri­ate out­side the Nation­al Park where they ​‘adversely affect its land­scape char­ac­ter or spe­cial land­scape qual­it­ies’. If a pro­pos­al fails policy C2 a), it would also be in con­flict with NPPP policy A4 which seeks to con­serve and enhance the SLQs of the Nation­al Park.

5. The pro­posed wind­farm is loc­ated with­in the north­east Mon­adh­liath, on an elev­ated moor­land in close prox­im­ity to the Nation­al Park bound­ary. It would intro­duce vis­ib­il­ity of tur­bines to lower lying areas of the Nation­al Park for the first time. The pro­pos­al both indi­vidu­ally and cumu­lat­ively with the pro­posed Bal­nespick Wind Farm, would affect five of the SLQs of the Cairngorms Nation­al Park dur­ing the day and asso­ci­ated light­ing would extend these effects after dark. These impacts would res­ult in evid­ent and notice­able mater­i­al changes to these SLQs such that the object­ives of the des­ig­na­tion and over­all integ­rity would be compromised.

6. The nature, extent and level of sig­ni­fic­ant adverse effects caused by the addi­tion of Clune Wind Farm to the baseline of oper­a­tion­al and con­sen­ted wind farms is there­fore con­sidered to fail to meet the require­ments of NPPP policies C2 a) and A4, and in turn NPF4 Policies 4 and 11. It is there­fore recom­men­ded that the Nation­al Park Author­ity should object to the pro­posed Clune Wind Farm.

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Recom­mend­a­tion

That mem­bers of the com­mit­tee con­firm that Cairngorms Nation­al Park Author­ity OBJECT to the applic­a­tion for the pro­posed Clune Wind Farm.

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Appendix 1 — Clune Wind Farm: Pro­posed wind­farm ZTV

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Appendix 2 — Clune Wind Farm: Cumu­lat­ive ZTV Oper­a­tion­al Farr and Glen Kyl­lachy windfarms